A deep dive into Japanese tattoo history
To understand how deeply rooted Japanese tattoos are in culture, we need to take a closer look at its history. From being part of religious ceremonies to becoming stigmatized as marks of criminality, and finally gaining a global renaissance, the story of Irezumi reveals an art form with strong foundations that has continually evolved.
Early Roots and Ritual Use of Japanese Tattoos
Evidence of tattoo art in Japan can be traced back to the Jomon period (ca. 10,000–300 BCE). Clay figurines with carved patterns suggest that tattoos may have been used in religious ceremonies or to signify social status. In many societies, tattoos were seen as a way to connect with the supernatural, communicate with spirits, or protect against evil forces.
Punishment and Stigma
Over time, perceptions of tattoos changed drastically. Starting from the Yamato period (250–710 CE), tattoos in some regions were used to punish criminals, branding their foreheads or arms. This practice caused tattoos to be associated with outcasts and shame—a perception that persisted for centuries.
The Edo Period – The Japanese Artform Flourishes in Secret
The Edo period (1603–1868) is often considered a golden age for Japanese art, and tattooing also developed significantly during this time in the underground. Inspired by popular woodblock prints (ukiyo-e), tattoo artists began experimenting with large, intricate designs. Japanese tattoos are often associated with the Yakuza, because the criminals proudly showed off their tattoos. However, many ordinary people also covered their bodies with designs like dragons, koi fish, and heroic figures from Japanese myths, though they kept these tattoos hidden under clothing— A tradition that continues today. This underground culture laid the foundation for the style we now associate with Japanese tattoos.
The Meiji Period and Western Influence
During the Meiji period (1868–1912), tattooing was banned as the government sought to appear more “civilized” to Western nations. This pushed Irezumi further into secrecy. At the same time, Western sailors and adventurers introduced Japanese tattoo art to the outside world. Ironically, this increased international interest in Japanese tattoos, with many foreigners traveling to Japan to be tattooed by skilled artists, and japanese tattooers beeing invited to the U.S. to tattoo the social elite.
A Global Trend
Today, Japanese tattoo art is recognized worldwide. While tattoos remain taboo in parts of Japan (such as in some public baths and swimming pools), international tattoo artists have embraced Irezumi. The result is a global trend where traditional patterns, techniques, and motifs are blended with modern inspirations, making Japanese tattoos more relevant to an ever-growing audience.
Conclusion
Japanese tattoo art has undergone a turbulent journey—from sacred rituals to social stigma, and ultimately to a modern renaissance. Its enduring appeal, both within and outside Japan, reflects an art form firmly rooted in history while embracing innovation. The story of Irezumi gives every tattoo an added layer of meaning—a cultural legacy carried on the body.